For us Japanese, shrines and temples are common in our daily lives, but it is actually difficult to explain the exact difference between them. Here, I will explain in detail the differences between shrines and temples.
First, shrines belong to Shintoism and are considered places where nature and sacred objects are enshrined. Temples, on the other hand, are associated with Buddhism and are places where Buddhist statues and practices based on Buddhist teachings are performed.
In terms of appearance, shrines have distinctive gates called torii, while temples have no torii. Also, shrines enshrine their deities in the main hall after proceeding along the approach, while temples have a place where Buddhist statues are enshrined and a kondo (golden hall).
The objects of belief also differ. In shrines, gods are enshrined and the place is considered a place where gods dwell. In temples, on the other hand, Buddhist statues are enshrined, and the main object of faith is to practice and seek enlightenment based on Buddhist teachings.
The method of worship also differs. At shrines, after offering money, worshippers bow to the deity with the specific action of “nirei” (two clapping hands) and “ichirei” (one bow). At temples, on the other hand, after offering money, the worshippers join their hands together in front of their chests, and do not clap their hands.
Thus, there are many differences between shrines and temples in terms of religious background, objects of worship, architectural styles, and methods of worship. Shrines worship nature and sacred objects, while temples aim at Buddhist teachings and practices. Let’s try to understand the differences between the two and enjoy the characteristics of each type of worship.
Definition and roles of shrines and temples
I would like to explain the roles of shrines and temples. Shrines belong to Shintoism and are places where nature and the sacred are enshrined. We Japanese visit shrines to pray to the gods. Shrines may also worship local guardian gods or specific deities. Temples, on the other hand, are associated with Buddhism and are places where Buddhist statues and practices based on Buddhist teachings are performed. Temples enshrine the object of worship, the Buddha, and perform activities for the welfare and salvation of the people. It can be said that shrines and temples fulfill the beliefs and roles of their respective religions.
Differences in architectural styles between shrines and temples
The architectural styles of shrines and temples are very different. The typical architectural styles of shrines are the Shinmei-zukuri and Taisha-zukuri. Shinmei-zukuri is a structure based on a warehouse on stilts, of which Ise Jingu is the most famous. The roof is characterized by senki-gi and katagi-gi. On the other hand, the Taisha-zukuri is derived from palaces and is represented by Izumo-taisha Shrine. The roof is characterized by warped and graceful shapes. On the other hand, the gongen-zukuri architectural style is typical of temples. Influenced by Buddhist architecture, the main hall and worship hall are integrated. Examples include Kunouzan Toshogu Shrine and Nikko Toshogu Shrine. The architectural styles of shrines and temples are based on their respective religious backgrounds and have their own unique beauty.
Historical Background of Japanese Shrines
Shrines have a very long history and have existed since ancient times. As places of worship to the gods, shrines have been an important part of Japanese culture and tradition. In ancient Japan, nature worship was the predominant form of worship, and the power of nature, such as mountains, rivers, and trees, was considered sacred. These are the historical backgrounds of Japanese shrines. These beliefs have been carried on in modern Japan, and shrines have become objects of deep faith among the people.
Origins of Shrines and Ancient Beliefs
Shrines have very ancient origins and are deeply connected with ancient Japanese beliefs. Ancient Japanese worshipped nature and believed that the gods resided in mountains, rivers, and forests. The gods were believed to symbolize the power of nature and to protect people’s lives and good harvests. In ancient Japan, there were no shrines dedicated to specific deities, but rather they served as places of worship for the forces of nature. Shrines are linked to this ancient belief and are an important part of Japanese religion and culture.
Development of Shrines and Shinto
I will discuss the development of shrines and Shinto. Shrines are deeply connected with Shinto, an ancient Japanese religion. Shinto is a religion that reveres and worships all beings, including nature, people, and things, as gods. Shrines are places where rituals are performed for Shinto, and by enshrining the gods, they serve to convey the wishes and prayers of the people. Shrines have also played an important role in Japanese history and culture, and have developed along with Shinto beliefs. Note that while there are many different types of shrines, each with various forms specific to a region or deity, all are based on Shinto beliefs.
Historical Background of Temples in Japan
In our historical context, temples have played an important role with the development of the Buddhist religion. Temples are institutions built to promote Buddhist beliefs and teachings in Japan. Buddhism was introduced from China in the 5th century and spread to Japan. Temples are sacred Buddhist sites where monks conduct religious training and education. Known for their beautiful architecture, sculptures, and Buddhist statues, temples are also important to Japanese culture and art. Temples are an integral part of Japanese history and faith, and are a spiritual center for many people.
Origins of Temples and the Transmission of Buddhism
Temples date back to ancient India. As Buddhism was preached, Buddhist gurus built temples as places to spread their teachings. We are proud to say that temples were brought to Japan along with the teachings of Buddhism. Temples have functioned as places for Buddhist religious activities and practices, and have also played an important role as centers of faith. Known for their beautiful architecture and Buddhist statues, temples represent a part of our Buddhist faith and culture. Temples are an important part of our history and faith, and are an important place for our spirituality.
Development of Temples and Buddhism
Temples have developed along with the Buddhist faith. When Buddhism was introduced to Japan, Buddhist gurus built temples and spread their teachings. Temples have functioned as places for Buddhist religious activities and practices, and have served to spread the teachings of Buddhism. Temples also enshrined Buddhist statues and implements and served as centers of religious worship. Temples have developed over time, adding beautiful architecture and cultural elements. Temples are a spiritual center for us and are important in keeping the spirit of Buddhism alive.
Commonalities between shrines and temples
Shrines and temples are very important parts of Japanese religious culture. We know that shrines and temples function as places of worship for their respective religious objects, but in fact, shrines and temples have several things in common.
First, both shrines and temples are places where religious activities and ceremonies take place. At shrines, Shinto deities are enshrined, and rituals such as rites and kagura (Shinto music and dance) are performed. At temples, Buddhist statues and Buddhist ritual objects are enshrined, and ceremonies such as Buddhist memorial services and sutra recitations are held.
Shrines and temples may also be shared. For example, a shrine may be attached to the precincts of a temple, or a temple may be located within the precincts of a shrine. In such cases, the shrine and temple may be united in their religious activities and rituals.
Furthermore, shrines and temples play an important role in Japanese culture and history. Both have formed a rich culture that includes beautiful architecture and works of art. They are also much sought after by people as tourist destinations.
Shrines and temples are deeply intertwined in Japanese religion and culture, although each has different objects of worship. For us, shrines and temples are spiritual centers and provide us with spiritual comfort.
Historical relationship between shrines and temples
Shrines and temples are closely related in Japanese religious culture. When we visit a shrine and a temple, we may often find that both are located on the same grounds. In fact, shrines and temples are sometimes used together as a single entity. For example, a shrine may be attached to the precincts of a temple, or a temple may be located within the precincts of a shrine. In such cases, the shrine and temple complement each other in their religious activities and rituals. In our daily lives, shrines and temples coexist and are involved in faith activities while respecting each other. Despite their different beliefs, shrines and temples are an important part of Japanese religion and culture. However, there is a long historical background to this.
syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism
It is said that Buddhism entered Japan during the Asuka Period (593-). Until then, Japan had only Shintoism. Then Buddhism, which originated in India, came to Japan via China. Since Shinto is not a sect, Buddhism is accepted without conflict. However, there is a theory that the emperor of the time, fearing the influence of Shintoism, actively introduced Buddhism into Japan.
Subsequently, a state of affairs called Shinbutsu Shugyo was established. This refers to the state or phenomenon that was established when the belief in deities indigenous to the Japanese archipelago and Buddhism, which was introduced from the continent in the 6th century, were closely connected. For example, this is the situation where Buddhist statues are enshrined in the main halls of shrines and temples are set up in the precincts of Buddhist temples.
It is said that the reason why Japanese people have come to accept the existence of all gods and Buddha, such as Hatsumode (New Year’s visit to a shrine), listening to sutra chanting, and celebrating Christmas, even though they are not religious. This is said to be the reason why Japanese people have come to accept the existence of all gods and Buddha.
Historically, the Shinto-buddhist syncretism was abolished in the Meiji period (1853) when the government ordered the separation of Shintoism and Buddhism.
It is still being talked about that there were many different agendas involved in this.
Examples of joint use of shrines and temples
Shrines and temples are often jointly used. For example, a shrine may be attached to the precincts of a temple, or a temple may be located within the precincts of a shrine. This is because Shinto and Buddhist beliefs are closely intertwined in Japanese religious culture. We can worship at both shrines and temples in the same place and participate in religious activities and rituals while paying respect to the objects of each faith. This example of communal use enriches Japanese religion and culture, as shrines and temples complement each other.
Cultural Influence of Shrines and Temples
Shrines and temples have had a profound influence on Japanese culture. Their influence can be seen in many aspects of our daily lives, including religious elements, art, architecture, and festivals.
Shrines are places where the gods are worshipped and the nature and climate of Japan are considered sacred. Shinto beliefs value nature and inspire people to be grateful for it. In addition, the beautiful architectural style of shrines, torii gates, and kagura (Shinto music and dance) are beloved as traditional Japanese art forms.
Temples brought the religious elements of Buddhism to Japan. Temples are used as places for training and meditation, and many people visit them to find peace of mind. Buddhist statues and Buddhist teachings at temples have greatly influenced Japanese art and philosophy.
Furthermore, festivals and events held at shrines and temples are closely tied to Japanese culture. For example, Obon and Ohigan at temples and New Year’s and festivals at shrines are widely held as annual events. These events bring local people together and carry on Japanese traditions.
Shrines and temples have a long history as part of Japanese culture and religion and are still deeply rooted in our lives. Their presence enriches Japanese culture and gives people comfort and joy.
Conclusion
Shrines and temples have played an important role in Japanese history and culture. Temples are places where Buddhist teachings are spread, where monks and priests practice and pass on their teachings. Shrines, on the other hand, are places of Shinto worship, where priests and priestesses perform rituals and prayers. Although based on different religions, temples and shrines are important embodiments of Japanese beliefs and traditions. Both are important entities that provide us with peace of mind and enrichment.
Frequently Asked Questions and Answers
- What is the difference between a shrine and a temple?
Shrines are places where Shinto is believed and deities are enshrined. Temples are places where Buddhism is believed and Buddha and Bodhisattvas are enshrined. Because of the different religions believed in, the way of worship and what is enshrined are different.
- Why do shrines and temples coexist?
Shinto and Buddhism coexist in Japan, and many people hold both beliefs. Shinto and Buddhism also have different aspects, and each religion offers comfort and healing to people. For this reason, shrines and temples coexist and serve as places of worship for people.
- Is there any etiquette when visiting shrines and temples?
At shrines, before entering the hall of worship or the main sanctuary, visitors rinse their mouths and hands with water at a hand-watering fountain to purify their hands. Also, when dedicating an amulet or a charm, put money in the dedication box or make a monetary offering. At temples, show respect for monks and priests by bowing in a quiet manner. Also, take care to avoid photography and bustle.
- Is there a fee to visit shrines and temples?
In general, there is no charge to visit shrines, but certain shrines or special festivals may charge an admission fee or festival fee. Temples, on the other hand, may require an admission fee to visit parts of the temple grounds or special Buddhist statues or gardens. It is recommended that you check about the fees before visiting.
- Can I participate in festivals held at shrines and temples?
Yes, in general, festivals at shrines and temples are open to the general public. At festivals, you can enjoy Kagura (Shinto music and dance), musical performances, and food stalls, as well as experience local culture and traditions. When visiting, please be aware of the time and place to enjoy the festival, as it can be crowded and complicated.